HeadPhones : Working and Structure

Headphones or "head-phones" in the early days of telephony and radio are a pair of small  loudspeakers that are designed to be held in place close to a user's ears. They are also known as earspeakers, earphones or, colloquially, cans. The alternate in-ear versions are known as earbuds or earphones. In the context of telecommunication, a headset is a combination of headphone and microphone. Headphones either have wires for connection to a signal source such as an audio amplifier, radio, CD player, portable media player,mobile phone, electronic musical instrument, or have a wireless device, which is used to pick up signal without using a cable.

Structure of the headphone and its working

The headphones here too follow the conventional structure. However, the part that bears the boom for microphone has a slight difference as an extra cable for it is attached into it.

The left section of the headset houses the microphone and one half of the speaker set. When the speaker section of the headphone is opened, the wiring coming from the headphone jack can be seen soldered to the driver of the speaker section.  The wire coming from the microphone jack doesn’t form any connections to the internal circuitry. The copper wire in a thin plastic covering in the image above is that of the microphone. Instead, the wiring from the jack of the microphone simply extends to the microphone

Right part of the Headset merely houses the headphone circuitry and is not having any extra wire for microphone. A single wire which connects the left and right headphones is placed in the groove of the plastic band.

Arduino Based Security System using GSM & PIR Sensor

In present time Home/Office and many other place security is most important. In our absence these places are not secure. For make these palaces secure many peoples keep guards and many people prefer electronic security systems. In present time many types of security systems are available in market. These security systems are very accurate and easy to control and cheaply available and the most important thing is that they can be operated on low Voltage (Up to 12 Voltage). 

In most of security systems GSM is widely used. Here in this project GSM is used for making a voice call for alert. The main aim of this project is secure your house/office from thief.In this circuit GSM and PIR sensor sensor are used. When any human (thief) comes in the range of PIR sensor, Arduino make a call to a fixed number. It means anybody in your house/office, then you can take a possible action against thief at same time.

This system is very simple. And the working of this system is very simple as well. In this system PIR sensor used for sensing and then arduino used for controlling and then A GSM module which is used for calling purpose. When anybody comes in range of PIR sensor, then sensor sends a logic signal to Arduino then Arduino take control and perform a given task. Here a calling task is given to Arduino. Then arduino sends signals to GSM module for make a voice call.

As we know that GSM module works on AT commands so Arduino sends AT commands to GSM module to make a call. To make call AT command is given below:

ATD<Mobile Number>;

If human body is moving in range of PIR sensor, its sends signal to Arduino continuously and Arduino make call again and again until Moving body comes in rest and until goes out of range

Arduino vs Raspberry pi

The Arduino vs Raspberry Pi debate  has caused a bit of confusion to beginners on what these 2 little devices actually do. They are both pretty cheap, the same size, and to the untrained eye, look very similar. However they are very different.  The Raspberry Pi is a mini-computer, running a Linux operating system, and the Arduino is a microcontroller, without the typical OS style you may be used to. They both are focused on very different ideas.
Arduino

                                                               The Arduino Uno

The Arduino is a programmable microcontroller. The only functionality is what YOU program it to have. It is designed to read data from sensors, compute the data, and either send the data to a PC (or raspberry Pi), or output them to LEDs or LCD screens you have attached and programmed. By controlling relays, you can control high powered components via relays and control motors.
The Arduino is used in many different types of projects, like from musical applications and interactive art exhibitions, to robotics and gaming gadgets. There are quite a few different types of boards for different projects
Raspberry Pi

                                                               Raspberry Pi Model B

The Raspberry Pi is on the opposite end – it features a fully fledged operating system loaded on an SD card. It also has audio out, HDMI and RCA video output and an Ethernet port. This allows you to use your Raspberry Pi as a computer, complete with internet browsing, games and more. Plug in your keyboard, mouse and monitor, and you have an amazingly cheap computer.

What’s The Difference?
 The Arduino and Raspberry Pi may look quite similar – they’re both cute little circuit boards with some chips and pins on them – but they are in fact very different devices. The Arduino is in fact a micro-controller; not a mini-computer. A micro-controller is just a small part of what makes a computer, and only provides a subset of the functionality of the Rapsberry Pi.
Although the Arduino can be programmed with small C-like applications, it cannot run a full scale “operating system” and certainly won’t be replacing your media center anytime soon. The Raspberry Pi on the other hand, is a computer. If you’re reading this site, I’m just going to assume you know what that means.
The Raspberry Pi projects are more software based than hardware based. As it is simply a Linux computer, most projects are based around software hacks, media centres and graphics/sound and multimedia. It can however do some simple hardware control with the GPIO pins.